![]() In anaerobic respiration, glucose undergoes partial oxidation and results in the release of energy which is comparitvely less to the energy released during aerobic respiration.ī. ![]() It undergoes three steps to finally reach its fate - glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain reaction. Glucose is completely oxidised only in the presence of oxygen and results in the release of energy. It mainly takes place in the reproductive cells.Ī. It mainly takes place in the somatic cells. It brings about variation and maintains constant chromosome number from one generation to another. It plays a significant role in cell growth, repair, and healing of wounds. During the pachytene stage, crossing over occurs while in the diplotene stage, chiasmata formation occurs. In the zygotene stage of meiosis I, the pairing of homologous chromosomes takes place. The prophase stage is short and does not comprise of synapsis, crossing over, and the formation of chiasmata. Meiosis II is known as equational division where the sister chromatids separate while the chromosome number remains the same. Meiosis I is known as reductional division where the chromosome number is reduced to half. It is also known as equational division as the daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It involves two successive divisions, namely meiosis I and II , resulting in the formation of four daughter cells. ![]() It involves single division, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells. One glucose molecule produces 2 pyruvate molecules.â Page No 21: In this step, six-carbon glucose is broken down into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. The process by which the breakdown of carbohydrates occurs in the presence of oxygen resulting in the release of energy in the form of ATP is called aerobicâ respiration.âį. Glycolysis is the first step in respiration. Aerobic respiration: Cellular respiration occurs by two processes i.e. This energy is then trapped for the synthesis of ATP to release CO 2.Į. ![]() Cellular respiration: âℼellular respiration is a process in which respiratory substrates such as starch, glucose, fats and proteins are broken down to release energy. They play various roles like help in body building, repairing worn out cells and keeping us healthy.ĭ. A protein is made up of several amino acids which are linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins: Proteins are a type of biomolecules which are made up of amino acids. The main nutrients available in food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and roughage.Ĭ. Nutrients: Nutrient is a substance available in food that helps us to stay healthy. In heterotrophic nutrition, the organisms are unable to use light energy for the synthesis of food and are dependant on other organisms to fulfil their energy requirements.ī. Nutrition can be categorised as autotrophic or heterotrophic. Autotrophic nutrition refers to the process by which organisms synthesise their own food from inorganic raw materials, for example, green plants and some bacteria. Nutrition: The process by which organisms take up nutrients and utilise these nutrients for various biological activities is called nutrition. ![]()
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